LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is a hallucinogenic substance that is chemically synthesized. Like other psychedelics, LSD primarily affects the serotonergic transmitter system in the brain and leads to an alteration of space/time and body consciousness with subjective amplification of emotions and sensory impressions, hallucinations, and altered sense of reality and experience of meaning. LSD was occasionally used as an aid in psychotherapy until it was banned in 1970. Today, research on the use of LSD in psychiatry is increasing again worldwide, and in Switzerland there are also isolated cases of LSD being used therapeutically.
The LSD effect is very strongly dependent on drug, set and setting. As a psychedelic , LSD intensifies and alienates sensory perceptions and the sense of space-time. Mood and feelings can change abruptly. High doses can lead to detachment from one's own body. Particularly in the initial phase of the trip, slight breathing difficulties, palpitations, sweating, altered blood pressure and nausea may occur.
Onset of action:
after 20-60 min.
Duration of action:
approx. 8-12 hrs.
Aftereffects:
2-5 hrs.
20-150 micrograms (= 0.05-0.15 mg); dosages of more than 150 micrograms produce highly intense psychedelic experiences and should only be taken by very experienced users.
Forms of appearance:
liquid; mostly available in the form of paper strips (blotting paper, felt) or - usually higher doses - micro tablets made of gelatine (micros).
Cramps, teeth grinding and fluctuations in body temperature and blood pressure. The risks of LSD use are clearly psychological and depend on the personality structure of the user. The perceptual changes on a trip can be so intense that the inexperienced feel overwhelmed by the flood of impressions. Especially in case of non-observance of the rules concerning set and setting, misreactions, loss of orientation, panic, paranoia and "horror trips" can occur.
Long-term risks:
There is a risk - even with single use - that psychoses can be triggered. After intense panic attacks in the context of "horror trips", trauma sequelae may occur later. Not infrequently, persistent flashback phenomena can occur after LSD use, which can be psychologically very stressful for some people in the long run. There is no known LSD addiction.
Contraindications:
People with cardiovascular diseases, epilepsy, mental problems or diseases, psychoses, paranoid personality disorders, people who need to take neuroleptics* or pregnant women should refrain from using LSD.
* Neuroleptics are drugs used primarily to treat mental disorders (e.g., Haldol, Leponex, or Zyprexa).
Refrain from mixed use with lithium. There is an increased risk of psychosis and stroke.
Refrain from using LSD if you are taking tricyclic antidepressants (such as Saroten®, Anafranil®, Insidon®,Surmontil®). There is an increased risk for bathroom trips, psychosis, and strokes.
Do not consume tramadol if you use psychedelic substances. Tramadol lowers the threshold for strokes, while psychedelic substances can trigger them in susceptible individuals.
Cannabis can have unexpected strong effects in combination with psychedelic substances, leading to anxiety, panic attacks and paranoia. Mixed use is discouraged or recommended, dosing cannabis lower than usual and taking long breaks in between.
For the effect of LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), in addition to the dose, one's own condition (set) and the environment (setting) are always very decisive. There is a risk of taking other misdeclared, pharmacologically active extenders and/or high-dose felts when consuming LSD felts. The highly variable active ingredient content of LSD felts can lead to the unintentional ingestion of high doses of LSD, which increase the risk for a negative experience (bad trip). High doses increase the risk even for experienced users. Highly intense psychedelic experiences can be induced, which can be disturbing and frightening. In recent years, we have repeatedly analyzed misdeclared LSD felts (felts that contained another psychoactive substance instead of LSD). Depending on the substance, such misdeclarations pose a high health risk.
LSD analogues are substances that are chemically very similar to LSD and can have comparable effects. Some of them have been known for a long time (e.g. ALD52, ETH-LAD, AL-LAD, PRO-LAD etc.) and have been studied pharmacologically as well as psychopharmacologically, at least in part. Others are newer "creations" (e.g. the derivatives 1P-LSD,1B-LSD, 1cP-LSD, 1V-LSDetc.), for which only few or no data are available. Certain LSD analogues can (still) be legally produced, traded and consumed in some countries, which is the main reason for their distribution.
Most LSD analogues are naturally different from LSD in their effect and/or potency (e.g. ETH-LAD, AL-LAD, LSZ etc.). In contrast, the so-called 1-acylated LSD compounds (e.g. 1P-LSD, 1V-LSD, 1B-LSD, ALD-52, etc.) are presumed, on the basis of pharmacological studies, to convert into LSD in the body (they function as so-called prodrugs) and thus have a comparable psychoactive effect to LSD.
In the case of prodrugs of LSD and LSD analogues, it has not been conclusively clarified whether, in addition to their psychoactive effect, they can produce other pharmacological effects. How potent these prodrugs are compared to the resulting substance (e.g., 1P-LSD to LSD), and to what extent a delay in onset of action occurs in each case, may be substance-dependent and cannot be generalized. Therefore, it is important to approach the dose/effect carefully to avoid overdoses.
If you or someone else needs urgent help after taking drugs or alcohol, call an ambulance on 144. Tell the emergency responders everything you know.
It could save lives.