Cocaine (benzoylecgonine methyl ester) is obtained from the leaves of the South American coca bush(Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense) and belongs to the group of stimulants. Cocaine blocks monoamine transporters and thus increases dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin in the synaptic cleft.
Suppression of fatigue, hunger and thirst, euphoria, feeling of increased performance, greatly increased self-confidence, talkativeness, sexual stimulation, elimination of inhibitions and fears, increased willingness to take risks, occasionally: increase in aggressiveness, decrease in the ability to criticize and judge as well as the ability to concentrate, decrease in the feeling of pain, numbness and has a local anesthetic effect. Cocaine causes a strong increase in heart rate, increase in blood pressure and acceleration of respiration as well as increase in body temperature and often pupil dilation.
The individual effect of cocaine depends on many factors. In addition to the dose, the individual response to the substance as well as experience in dealing with cocaine also influences the intoxication experienced.
Coming down: Exhaustion, fatigue, listlessness, depressive moods, irritability, anxiety, emotional instability, suicidal thoughts, and a strong urge to use again ("craving").
Cocaine intoxication usually passes through several stages. Initially, there is increased alertness, increased drive, urge to move/hyperactivity, restlessness. In the further course, fearful, negative misperceptions of the environment with delusions and paranoid-hallucinatory states with paranoia and altered self-perception may occur.
Co-consumption can have a significant negative influence on both the effect and the toxicity. In the case of mixed consumption, a toxic effect can already be achieved with lower doses of cocaine. Even low doses can have a potentially life-threatening effect in the presence of pre-existing cardiovascular diseases.
Coca leaves
Coca leavesare known as "mate de coca" or dried leaves. These dried leaves contain approx. 0.5 to 2.5% alkaloids, of which up to three quarters consist of cocaine. The leaves are chewed or drunk as tea. However, a psychoactive effect only occurs when they are taken in combination with an alkaline substance (e.g. lime or plant ash). This combination activates hydrolysis, which produces the alkaloid ecgonine. Ecgonine can be absorbed by the body and has a slightly stimulating effect. In contrast to cocaine, ecgonine has no addictive potential. If coca leaves are chewed without an alkaline additive, they only have an anaesthetic effect on the tongue. In South America, coca leaves are mainly used for medicinal purposes, e.g. to combat nausea or altitude sickness. The import and consumption of coca leaves and "mate de coca" is prohibited in Switzerland.
Effect onset
Snorted after 3-5 minutes, smoked or injected after a few seconds to a few minutes, orally after 15-30 minutes
Duration of action
Snorted 60-90 minutes, smoked or injected 2-20 minutes, oral 2-4 hours.
Aftereffects
1-4 hours (depending on consumption time and amount)
Already appearing shortly after consumption and can last up to several hours after consumption. In the case of multiple consumption and high doses, possibly even longer.
The dose to achieve a desired effect depends directly on the degree of purity available on the street. The degree of purity is more than 70% for cocaine hydrochloride (powder) and often more than 60% for crack. The dosage data below can therefore only provide a rough guide.
Single dose of pure cocaine, snorted: 50-100 mg, in long-term users up to 300 mg; smoked: 50-350 mg; injected: 70-150 mg. (Dose based on pure cocaine.)
Limit dose: 5 mg
light: 10 - 30 mg
medium: 30 - 60 mg
strong: 60 - 90 mg
very strong: 90 mg +
Sleep disorders, irritability, aggressiveness, anxiety and delusions, depression, memory/concentration disorders, hyperactivity; nervous twitching and stereotyped movements, muscle cramps and tremors, nerve damage, constriction of blood vessels, increase in heart rate, increased blood pressure. Hypertensive crises, in extreme cases cardiac arrhythmias, heart attack or stroke. Liver damage due to the breakdown of toxins. Some extenders are additionally harmful to health (see card "Sold as ..."). When smoking freebase and crack, damage to the oral cavity, lungs and respiratory tract is possible; when snorting, tissue destruction/destruction on the mucous membranes can occur. The simultaneous use of cocaine and alcohol increases the side effects and harmfulness; especially the heart is additionally stressed.
The lethal dose is about 1-1.2 g, although particularly sensitive individuals (cocaine idiosyncrasy) can die at doses as low as 30 mg[2].
Long-term risks
In chronic use: Dependence with predominantly psychological symptoms, "craving" (uncontrollable desire to consume) - cocaine is one of the substances with the highest dependence potential and is more quickly addictive than most other substances - internal drive, anxiety disorders, personality changes, depressive states with suicidality, cocaine psychosis with paranoid delusions (persecutory experience) and hallucinations, alteration of thought processes, permanent disturbances of short-term memory; nervous twitching, seizures, persistent high blood pressure, alterations in movement patterns, chronic inflammation and damage to the nasal mucosa and nasal septum that is difficult to heal, damage to the heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, skin, blood vessels (e. g. e.g. inflammation of blood vessels up to occlusion with death of surrounding tissue, especially by levamisole) and teeth, blood count changes with consequent weakening of the immune system (by levamisole). With intravenous application abscesses, itching and tingling.[1]With chronic consumption: psychological dependence. "Craving" (irresistible and uncontrollable desire to consume) can be rapidly triggered by so-called trigger effects (situations, memories, people, and the like, which are associated with consumption). Other long-term risks are anxiety disorders, personality changes such as reduction of empathy, emotional coldness, exaggerated mistrust, depression, mental disorders with paranoid delusions and hallucinations, alteration of thought processes, permanent disturbances of short-term memory and intellectual abilities. Nerve damage, nervous twitching, seizures, alterations in movement patterns, damage to: Heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, skin, blood vessels and teeth. General weakening of the immune system, in extreme cases with necrosis (death of skin cells), liver damage due to the breakdown of toxins and the risk of kidney damage due to extender.
Chronic inflammation and damage to the nasal mucous membranes and nasal septum, which is difficult to heal. When smoking freebase and crack, damage to the lungs and respiratory tract is possible due to the deposition of combustion residues (ash residues). When injecting or smoking (freebase), the phenomenon of "dermatozoan madness" (the idea that there are worms or insects under the skin, perception of a tingling sensation under the skin) is known. Colloquially also called "cocaine worms/bugs"). This delusion leads to excessive scratching of the arms and/or legs, up to open injuries, which can lead to abscesses if hygiene is poor.
Do you want to control your cocaine use? Try the digital self-help program "SNOWcontrol" for cocaine users. You can find more information here.
Do you want to control your cocaine use? Try the digital self-help program "SNOWcontrol" for cocaine users. You can find more information here.
The simultaneous use of cocaine and alcohol produces the toxic substance cocaethylene, which increases the harmful side effects and puts additional strain on the heart in particular. Injecting cocaine is particularly dangerous if the substance is diluted with local anesthetics, as this mixture can lead to paralysis of the central nervous system and to a delay or blockage of the cardiac conduction system.
Do not use cocaine if you have used MDMA ; the MDMA effect will be canceled out.
Do not mix cocaine with alcohol - the mixture makes you aggressive and you risk alcohol poisoning.
Increased risk behaviour due to disinhibition and overestimation of self. Increases blood flow and thus, in women, arousal (in men, on the other hand, cocaine can cause erectile dysfunction).
The following extenders occur in connection with cocaine.
LSD analogues are substances that are chemically very similar to LSD and can have comparable effects. Some of them have been known for a long time (e.g. ALD52, ETH-LAD, AL-LAD, PRO-LAD etc.) and have been studied pharmacologically as well as psychopharmacologically, at least in part. Others are newer "creations" (e.g. the derivatives 1P-LSD,1B-LSD, 1cP-LSD, 1V-LSDetc.), for which only few or no data are available. Certain LSD analogues can (still) be legally produced, traded and consumed in some countries, which is the main reason for their distribution.
Most LSD analogues are naturally different from LSD in their effect and/or potency (e.g. ETH-LAD, AL-LAD, LSZ etc.). In contrast, the so-called 1-acylated LSD compounds (e.g. 1P-LSD, 1V-LSD, 1B-LSD, ALD-52, etc.) are presumed, on the basis of pharmacological studies, to convert into LSD in the body (they function as so-called prodrugs) and thus have a comparable psychoactive effect to LSD.
In the case of prodrugs of LSD and LSD analogues, it has not been conclusively clarified whether, in addition to their psychoactive effect, they can produce other pharmacological effects. How potent these prodrugs are compared to the resulting substance (e.g., 1P-LSD to LSD), and to what extent a delay in onset of action occurs in each case, may be substance-dependent and cannot be generalized. Therefore, it is important to approach the dose/effect carefully to avoid overdoses.
If you or someone else needs urgent help after taking drugs or alcohol, call an ambulance on 144. Tell the emergency responders everything you know.
It could save lives.